Melanocytes at a Glance
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چکیده
Melanocytes are pigment-producing cells that originate from the dorsal portions of the closing neural tube in vertebrate embryos (Fig. 70-1). 1 They derive from pluripotent neural crest cells that differentiate into numerous cell lineages, including neurons, glia, smooth muscle, craniofacial bone, cartilage, and melanocytes (reviewed in refs. 2 and 3). Progenitor melanoblasts migrate dorsolaterally between the mesodermal and ectodermal layers to reach their final destinations in the hair follicles and the skin as well as inner ear cochlea, choroids, ciliary body, and iris (reviewed in refs. 2 and 4). Pigmentproducing cells can be found in fetal epidermis as early as the fiftieth day of gestation. Melanoblast migration and differentiation into melanocytes is influenced by a number of signaling molecules produced by neighboring cells. These include Wnt, endothelin-3 (ET3), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), steel factor [SF; stem cell factor (SCF), c-Kit ligand], and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/scatter factor. 5–10 By interacting with their specific cell surface receptors, these molecules induce intracellular and intranuclear signaling to influence gene transcription and protein synthesis. Wnt
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تاریخ انتشار 2007